Hi,
The Meta-inf "nbMaxParallelSessions" is a core level parameter, which cannot be altered at execution time.
You can however configure it at build time with this syntax :
<nbMaxParallelSessions>%x{md:paramValue($this, 'NbThreads')}x%</nbMaxParallelSessions>
... but not at execution time. I'll pass the idea to the R&D team.
For retrieving the errors in Asynchronous mode: as you guessed, because of the nature of the asynchronous mode, the error cannot be automatically returned to the parent process. One possibility for you is to run SQL queries against the Log database once the child sessions are over.